顾少杰*，杨新文，练松良
（同济大学道路与交通工程教育部重点实验室，上海201804）
摘要：热损伤是铁路车辆轮轨的主要失效形式之一。当列车在短时间内紧急制动或加速牵引时，车轮和钢轨接触面间容易发生纯滑动现象，该滑动就会导致轮轨出现较高的接触温升，温升达到一定时会使车轮和钢轨材料产生相变，从而导致轮轨表面的裂纹、擦伤和剥离破坏。本文首先利用轮对切片投影法计算轮轨接触几何关系；然后利用基于非Hertz滚动接触理论的CONTACT程序计算轮轨接触应力，计算结果能更好的反应轮轨真实的接触状态；最后进行轮轨滑动工况下接触热效应的分析。利用MATLAB软件编制了轮轨接触热效应分析程序，针对不同的摩擦因数和相对滑动速度进行了钢轨表面的温度场分布研究。结果表明：轮轨处于滑动摩擦状态下，热效应明显，在计算轮轨热接触耦合分析时需考虑材料参数随着温度变化的影响；随着摩擦系数和相对滑动速度的增大，热效应越明显。轮轨滑动过程的热效应问题研究将有助于揭示接触过程中的轮轨表面伤损机理。
关键词：轮轨接触；热效应；温升
中图分类号：U239.4文献标识码：A
Analysis of the wheel-rail frictionheating during wheel sliding based on non-Hertz rolling contact theory
GUShao-jie，YANGXin-wen，LIANSong-liang
(KeyLaboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804)
Abstract:Thermaldamage is one of the main failure mode of the railway vehicle wheel-rail. Whena train emergency braking and accelerating traction took place in a short time,the pure sliding phenomenon between the wheel and rail is likely to occur onthe contact surface, and the slide will lead to a rise in the wheel-railcontact temperature. When they reach a certain temperature to make the phase ofwheel and rail materials change ,it will lead to the cracks , scratches andstripping damage on the surface of the wheel-rail. The wheel-set axial sliceprojection method was firstly used to calculate the wheel-rail contact geometryrelationship. Secondly, the wheel-rail contact stress calculated by usingthe program CONTACT based on non-Hertz rolling contact theory can better representthe real wheel-rail contact state. Finally, the thermal effect of thewheel-rail contact was analyzed. A analysis program of wheel-rail contactthermal effects was compiled byusing MATLAB software. The temperature field was analyzed on the basis offriction coefficient and relative sliding velocity of the wheel-rail. Theresults show that the thermal effect is obvious , and the effect of thematerial parameters varying with temperature variation needs to be consideredwhen the wheel-rail is under sliding friction. The thermal effect of wheel andrail is much more obvious as the friction coefficient and relative slidingvelocity are increased. The analysis of thermal effect issues of wheel-railduring wheel sliding will help to reveal the wear mechanism of the wheel-railsurface in the contact process.
Keywords:Wheel-rail contact; Thermal effect; Temperature rise